How automatic background removal works
The tool uses U²-Netp, an open-source salient object detection network published by researchers at the University of Alberta. It is trained to answer one question: which part of the picture would a person look at first? For each photo, a 320 × 320 pixel copy is passed through the network, which returns a map of how likely each point is to belong to the main subject. That map is the starting point, but on its own it is far too coarse for a 12-megapixel photo: scaled straight up, every edge would be a blurry band dozens of pixels wide.
Refining the edge at full resolution
To get a sharp outline, the map is refined with a guided filter. In every small neighbourhood of the image, the filter finds the simplest rule that turns the photo’s colours into the subject map, then applies that rule to the full-resolution pixels. Where the subject and background differ in colour, the edge snaps to the real boundary; where the model was unsure, the edge stays soft rather than jagged. This step is computed on a copy about 1,000 pixels wide and applied to the full image, so it takes well under a second.
Removing colour fringes
A pixel on the edge of a cat’s fur is partly cat and partly whatever was behind it. If it keeps its original colour, the subject carries a thin outline of the old background onto the new one: a white halo from a studio backdrop, a green tint from grass. The tool estimates the subject’s own colour and the background’s colour around each edge pixel and removes the background’s share, which is what makes results on a coloured background look natural.
Tips for better cut-outs
Shoot against a plain background that contrasts with the subject, keep the subject in focus, and leave a little space around it. Crop away clutter before processing, for example with the crop tool, so the subject fills more of the frame. If you need a specific size for a shop listing or social media, run the transparent PNG through Resize Image afterwards; resizing keeps the transparency.